Class functional groupname suffix examples formula. They tend to all act the same in a chemical reaction. Feb 06, 2019 each functional group has its own distinctive properties c c h h h h h o h c c h h h h h c o h h c h h h o h these molecules have similar properties due to the presence of the oh group of atoms. Priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature. Structurallysimilar molecules within a series with the same functional group but different numbers of some repeated groups such as ch2. The priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature is based on a relative scale where all functional groups are arranged in the decreasing order of preference. A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a structure such as oh, cooh, nh2, co, hco, cn, these functional groups give rise to different properties within the molecule. Organic compounds also have functional groups, which define the basic properties of the compound. When organic compounds containing same functional group are arranged in series on the basis of their increasing molecular weight, having the difference of ch 2 methylene group in between two consecutive compounds, such series is called homologous series. Organic functional groups and homologous series youtube. What is the difference between functional group and.
This means that the compounds are identical with the exception of the number of ch2 units in the compound. If the functional group is changed, isomerism also changes. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds which belong to the same family i. Natures chemistry homologous series national 5 chemistry. Functional groups and homologous series question 1. Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples. Homologous series are referenced frequently in organic chemistry, where compounds can differ by the length of their carbon chain. Introduction the word homologous series and functional groups describe a few of the umbrella principles that assist in the understanding of organic compounds in spite of their large number. The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are examples of homologous series. Whats the difference between functional group and homologous. When an atom or group of atoms bonded to a carbon atom in the chain or ring of an organic. Functional groups and homologous series question 3.
Organic functional groups and homologous series flashcards. Match the functional group to the homologous series or compound class learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. It covers structural and geometrical cistrans isomerism, but is does not cover optical isomerism. This topic covers the simple types of isomerism encountered during most as level courses. As nouns the difference between ketone and benzophenone is that ketone is organic chemistry a homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atomby a double bondin a carbonhydrogen based molecule while benzophenone is. This series of molecules is called homologous series. Nov 16, 2017 there are some other conditions as well. How are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes homologous series since. Chapterwise dvds available for 11th and 12th chemistry with ncert book solutions. In chemistry, a homologous series is a group of compounds that share the same basic chemical makeup, but differ in the number of iterations of a certain aspect of their structure. Thus, a functional group is an atom or group of atoms which determine the chemical behavior of an organic compound. Qualitative analysis tests for identifying organic functional.
The functional group present in the following molecules are encircled. This increase in size causes the vanderwaals forces to grow, thus bonding the molecules to each other more strongly. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and. Difference between position isomerism and metamerism. Such series are most common among organic compounds, the structural difference being a methylene group, as in the paraffin hydrocarbons, or.
The defining characteristic of a homologous series is a repeating unit. Homologous seriesfunctional groups and isomerism, chemistry. No matter what size a molecule is, a functional group participates in chemical reactions in a predictable manner. Reflect on previous knowledge of organic chemistry understand the term homologous series conduct the fractional distillation of crude oil understand and use the variety of different types of formula used in organic chemistry. This thus strengthens the attraction between the molecules and causes the boiling points to become higher. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. Functional groups definition a functional group or moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. A homologous series is a family of compounds which have a general formula and have similar physical and chemical properties because they have the same functional group of atoms i. Following are the characteristics of a homologous series. Mar 16, 2009 homologous series this are groups of organic compounds with same general formula and same function group with similar chemical properties. Drawing organic molecules, homologous series and isomers. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern. Functional groups and homologous series question 2.
Jun 22, 2018 mathematical tables are super interesting. A functional group is an atom of a group of atoms which determines the characteristic properties of a particular compound. Feb 24, 2014 functional group functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series. Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member by ch 2. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. But if the first definition is to be considered then how can alkanes, alkenes or alkynes be considered homologous series since there is no functional group attached to any of these, as opposed to, e. Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of organic molecules. A homologous series is a family of organic compounds containing a particular characteristic group and exhibiting similar properties. General formula, functional group and properties of alkanes.
The nature of the functional groups should not be changed. Functional groups and homologous series earj ib chemistry. A homologous series is defined as a series of organic compounds having similar functional group and similar properties, in which the successive members or compounds differ by ch2. Some examples of functional groups in homologous series are alcohols oh, carboxylic acids cooh, aldehydes coh, ketones co, and amines n. Homologous series meaning in the cambridge english. They only differ in the number of methylene ch 2 groups. For example, the compounds given below belong to the alcohol. What is a homologous series write the formula of functional. Describe the concept of homologous series as a family of similar compounds with similar properties due to the presence of the same functional group. Functional groups and homologous series sneak peek on. Organic functional groups homologous series explained why.
The members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties. Sep 12, 2015 ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of organic molecules slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Members of the same homologous series have the same chemical properties because of the presence of a common functional group in all the molecules of the series. Homologous series, any of numerous groups of chemical compounds in each of which the difference between successive members is a simple structural unit. Jan 30, 2018 in organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms that confers specific chemical properties to the rest of the molecule.
Consider structures of first five members of the series. Qualitative organic functional group tests in various homologous series. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch2 units in the main carbon chain. The individual members of a homologous series are known as homologous and the process is known as homology. When an atom or group of atoms bonded to a carbon atom in the chain or ring of an organic compound, shown some characteristic properties of their own, they are termed as a functional group.
A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be represented by a general formula. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch 2 units in the main carbon chain. Homologous series in organic chemistry are groups of molecules that have the same basic structure, including the same functional group. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with. Notes on functional group and homologous series grade 11. Homologous seriesfunctional groups and isomerism, chemistry tutorial. May 26, 2011 a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with similar formula and properties, properties are dependent on the functional group attached. For example, the alkane group contains the ch2 repeating unit. Functional group this is an carbon atom or group of carbon atoms attached to an organic compund which determines the chemical properties. However, the functional group finds out the properties of a homologous series. Common functional groups and their families of compound. For example, the oh group, when attached to a saturated carbon, makes the parent molecule an alcoho.
A homologous series is a series of organic compounds that differ by a ch2 group within a functional group. A functional group is a class of organic compounds that have a function in common. Describe the concept of homologous series as a family of. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and.
A series of compounds having similar structural formulae, same functional group and hence similar chemical properties are called homologous series of compounds. When a group is considered as principle functional group, it is indicated by suffix and when it acts as side chain, it is indicated by prefix. We call this functional group a alcohol we can use the term homologous series to describe families of organic compounds with the same functional. Structurallysimilar molecules within a series with the same functional group but different numbers of some repeated groups such as ch 2. One of the features of a homologous series is that each and every member of a series includes at least one functional group. Moving down a homologous series, the sizes of the compounds grow larger and larger. Difference between position isomerism and metamerism definition. Classification,homologous series and functional group. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched this can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the straightchained alkanes paraffins, or it could be the number of monomers in a.
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